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keysight technologies E4991B impedance analyzer 1 mhz to 500 mhz/1 ghz/3 ghz data sheet
02 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet defnitions specifcation (spec.) warranted performance. all specifcations apply at 23 c 5 c unless otherwise stated, and 30 minutes after the instrument has been turned on. speciications include guard bands to account for the expected statistical performance distribution, measurement uncertainties, and changes in performance due to environmental conditions. typical (typ.) expected performance of an average unit which does not include guardbands. it is not covered by the product warranty. nominal (nom.) a general, descriptive term that does not imply a level of performance. it is not covered by the product warranty. measurement parameters and range measurement parameters impedance parameters: | z |, | y |, l s , l p , c s , c p , r s ( r ), r p , x , g , b , d , q , q z , g y , | g |, g x , y , q r , v ac , i ac , v dc , i dc (option E4991B-001 only) material parameters (option E4991B-002): (see option E4991B-002 material measurement (typical) on page 19) permittivity parameters: | r |, r , r , tan permeability parameters: | r |, r , r , tan measurement range measurement range (|z|): 120 m? to 52 k?. (frequency = 1 mhz, point averaging factor 8, oscillator level = C3 dbm; or = C13 dbm, measurement accuracy 10%, calibration is performed within 23 c 5 c, measurement is performed within 5 c of calibration temperature) source characteristics frequency range: 1 mhz to 3 ghz (option 300) 1 mhz to 1 ghz (option 100) 1 mhz to 500 mhz (option 050) resolution: 1 mhz accuracy: without option E4991B-1e5: 10 ppm (23 c 5 c) 20 ppm (5 c to 40 c) with option E4991B-1e5: 1 ppm (5 c to 40 c)
03 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet stability: with option E4991B-1e5: 0.5 ppm/year (5 c to 40 c) (typical) oscillator level range: power (when 50 ? load is connected to test port): C40 dbm to 1 dbm current (when short is connected to test port): 0.0894 marms to 10 marms voltage (when open is connected to test port): 4.47 mvrms to 502 mvrms resolution: 0.1 db 1 accuracy: (power, when 50 ? load is connected to test port) frequency 1 ghz: 2 db (23 c 5 c) 4 db (5 c to 40 c) frequency > 1 ghz: 3 db (23 c 5 c) 5 db (5 c to 40 c) with option 010: frequency 1 ghz minimum: C3 db, maximum: +2 db (23c 5c) minimum: C5 db, maximum: +4 db (5 c to 40 c) frequency > 1 ghz minimum: C4 db, maximum: +3 db (23c 5c) minimum: C6 db, maximum: +5 db (5 c to 40 c) output impedance output impedance: 50 ? (nominal) dc bias (option E4991B-001) dc voltage bias range: 0 to 40 v resolution: 1 mv output impedance (series): 15 ? (typical) accuracy: {0.05% + 5 mv + (|idc[ma]| x 20 ?)} (23 c 5 c) {0.2% + 10 mv + (|idc[ma]| x 40 ?)} (5 c to 40 c) current limit range: 1ma to 100ma (both source and sink are limited to same current.) current limit resolution: 2 a current limit accuracy: 4% (5 c to 40 c, typical) 1. when the unit is set at mv or ma, the entered value is rounded to 0.1 db resolution.
04 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet dc current bias range: 0 to 100 ma resolution: 2 a output impedance (shunt): 20 k ? minimum (typical) accuracy: {0.2% + 20 a + (|vdc[v]|/10 k?)} (23 c 5 c) {0.4% + 40 a + (|vdc[v]|/5 k?)} (5 c to 40 c) voltage limit range: 0.3 v to 40 v (both positive and negative sides are limited to same voltage.) voltage limit resolution: 1 mv voltage limit accuracy: (2% + 20 mv + |idc| x 20 ? ) (5 c to 40 c, typical) dc bias monitor monitor parameters: voltage and current voltage monitor accuracy: {0.2% + 10 mv + (|idc[ma]| x 2 ?)} (23 c 5 c, typical) {0.8% + 24 mv + (|idc[ma]| x 4 ?)} (5 c to 40 c, typical) current monitor accuracy: {0.2% + 25 a + (|vdc[v]|/40 k ?)} (23 c 5 c, typical) {0.8% + 60 a + (|vdc[v]|/20 k ?)} (5 c to 40 c, typical) sweep characteristics sweep conditions: linear frequency, log frequency, osc level (voltage, current, power), dc bias (voltage, current), log dc bias (voltage, current), segment sweep range setup: start/stop or center/span sweep mode: continuous, single sweep directions: up sweep, down sweep number of measurement points: 2 to 1601 delay time: types: point delay, sweep delay, segment delay range: 0 to 30 sec resolution: 1 msec
05 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet |z|, |y|: ( e a + e b ) [%] (see figures 1 through 4 for examples of calculated accuracy) q: : ( e a + e b ) [rad] 100 l, c, x, b: ( e a + e b ) x (1 + d 2 x ) [%] r, g: ( e a + e b ) x (1 + q 2 x ) [%] d: at d x tan e a + e b < 1 100 especially at |d x | 0.1 e a + e b 100 q: at q x tan e a + e b < 1 100 especially at 10 |q x | 10 q 2 x e a + e b e a + e b 100 segment sweep available setup parameters for each segment: sweep frequency range, number of measurement points, point averaging factor, oscillator level (power, voltage, or current), dc bias (voltage or current), segment time, segment delay. number of segments: 1 to 201 sweep span types: frequency base or order base measurement accuracy conditions for defning accuracy temperature: 23 c 5 c 1 accuracy-specifed plane: 7-mm connector of test head accuracy defned measurement points: same points at which the calibration is done. 2 basic accuracy (typical) 0.45% accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed 1. if the calibration is performed in 5 c to 18 c or 28 c to 40 c, the accuracy is degraded to doubled value (typical). 2. if the calibration is performed in different frequency points or different dc bias points from the measurement, the accuracy is degraded to doubled value (typical). (1 + d 2 x )tan e a + e b 100 1 d x tan e a + e b 100 (1 + q 2 x )tan e a + e b 100 1 q x tan e a + e b 100
06 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet measurement accuracy (continued) accuracy when open/short/load/low-loss capacitor calibration is performed. condition: point average factor 32 C23 dbm oscillator level +1 dbm calibration points are same as measurement points (user frequency mode) measurement is performed within 1 c from the calibration temperature defnition of each parameter dx = measurement value of d qx = measurement value of q ea = (within 5 c from the calibration temperature. measurement accuracy applies when the calibration is performed at 23 c 5 c. when the calibration is performed beyond 23 c 5 c, measurement error doubles.) at C23 dbm oscillator level 1 dbm: 0.60 [%] (1 mhz frequency 100 mhz) 0.70 [%] (100 mhz < frequency 500 mhz) 1.00 [%] (500 mhz < frequency 1 ghz) 2.00 [%] (1 ghz < frequency 1.8 ghz) 4.00 [%] (1.8 ghz < frequency 3 ghz) at C33 dbm oscillator level < C23 dbm: 0.65 [%] (1 mhz frequency 100 mhz) 0.75 [%] (100 mhz < frequency 500 mhz) 1.05 [%] (500 mhz < frequency 1 ghz) 2.05 [%] (1 ghz < frequency 1.8 ghz) 4.05 [%] (1.8 ghz < frequency 3 ghz) |z|, |y|: ( e a + e b ) [%] q : e c [rad] 100 l, c, x, b: ( e a + e b ) 2 + ( e c d x ) 2 [%] r, g: ( e a + e b ) 2 + ( e c q x ) 2 [%] d: at d x tan e c < 1 100 especially at | d x | 0.1 e c 100 q: at q x tan e c < 1 100 especially at 10 | q x | 10 q 2 x e c e c 100 (1 + q 2 x ) tan e c 100 1 q x tan e c (1 + d 2 x )tan e c 100 1 d x tan e c 100 100
07 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet z s + y o ? z x 100 [%] z x 0.03 + 0.08 f + 0.03 [%] at |zx| < 1 ? 1000 |zx| 0.05 + 0.08 f + 0.03 [%] at |zx| < 3 ? 1000 |zx| 0.03 + 0.08 f + 0.03 [%] at |zx| < 1 ? 1000 |zx| 0.03 + 0.08 f + |zx| [%] at |zx | > 1.8 k ? 1000 60000 0.05 + 0.08 f + |zx| [%] at |zx | > 600 ? 1000 60000 0.03 + 0.08 f + |zx| [%] at |zx | > 1.8 k ? 1000 60000 0 .06 + 0.08 f [%] at 1 ? |zx| 1.8 k? 1000 0.06 + 0.08 f [%] at 3 ? |zx| 600 ? 1000 0.06 + 0.08 f [%] at 1 ? |zx| 1.8 k? 1000 measurement accuracy (continued) at C40 dbm oscillator level < C33 dbm: 0.80 [%] (1 mhz frequency 100 mhz) 0.90 [%] (100 mhz < frequency 500 mhz) 1.20 [%] (500 mhz < frequency 1 ghz) 2.20 [%] (1 ghz < frequency 1.8 ghz) 4.20 [%] (1.8 ghz < frequency 3 ghz) eb = (|z x |: measurement value of |z|) ec = (see below) [%] at 1 mhz frequency 10 mhz at 10 mhz < frequency < 100 mhz at 100 mhz frequency 3 ghz (f: frequency [mhz], typical) zs = (specifcation values of point averaging factor 8 is applied only when point averaging factors at both calibration and measurement are 8 or greater.) at oscillator level = C3 dbm or C13 dbm: (11 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 8) (12 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 7) at oscillator level = C23 dbm: (12 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 8) (16 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 7)
08 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet measurement accuracy (continued) at C23 dbm < oscillator level 1 dbm: (17 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 8) (21 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 7) at C33 dbm oscillator level < C23 dbm: (25 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 8) (50 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 7) at C40 dbm oscillator level < C33 dbm: (50 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 8) (10 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (averaging factor 7) yo = (specifcation values of point averaging factor 8 is applied only when point averaging factors at both calibration and measurement are 8 or greater.) at C17 dbm oscillator level 1 dbm: (1.7 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 8) (4.0 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 7) at C23 dbm oscillator level < C17 dbm: (4.0 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 8) (8.0 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 7) at C33 dbm oscillator level < C23 dbm: (10.0 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 8) (30.0 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 7) at C40 dbm oscillator level < C33 dbm: (20.0 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 8) (60.0 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 7) calculated impedance measurement accuracy figure 1. |z|, |y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. oscillator level = C13 dbm, C3 dbm. point averaging factor 8 within 5 c from the calibration temperature. figure 2. |z|, |y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. oscillator level C13 dbm, C3 dbm. point averaging factor 7 within 5 c from the calibration temperature.
09 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet calculated impedance measurement accuracy (continued) measurement support functions error correction available calibration and compensation open/short/load calibration: connect open, short, and load standards to the desired reference plane and measure each kind of calibration data. the reference plane is called the calibration reference plane. low-loss capacitor calibration: connect the dedicated standard (low-loss capacitor) to the calibration reference plane and measure the calibration data. port extension compensation (fxture selection): when a device is connected to a terminal that is extended from the calibration reference plane, set the electrical length between the calibration plane and the device contact. select the model number of the registered test fxtures in the E4991Bs setup toolbar or enter the electrical length for the users test fxture. figure 3. |z|, |y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. oscillator level = C33 dbm. point averaging factor 8 within 5 c from the calibration temperature. figure 4. |z|, |y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. oscillator level = C33 dbm. point averaging factor 7 within 5 c from the calibration temperature. figure 5. q accuracy without low-loss capacitor calibration (specifcation) and with low-loss capacitor calibration (typical).
10 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet measurement support functions (continued) open/short compensation: when a device is connected to a terminal that is extended from the calibration reference plane, make open and/or short states at the device contact and measure each kind of compensation data. calibration/compensation data measurement point fixed frequency mode: obtain calibration/compensation data at fxed frequency covering the entire frequency range of the E4991B. in device measurement, calibration or compensation is applied to each measurement point by using interpolation. even if the measurement points are changed by altering the sweep setups, you dont need to retake the calibration/ compensation data. user-defned frequency mode: obtain calibration/compensation data at the same frequency as used in actual device measurement, which are determined by the sweep setups. each set of calibration/ compensation data is applied to each measurement at the same frequency point. if the measurement points are changed by altering the sweep setups, calibration/compensa- tion data become invalid and retaking calibration/compensation data is recommended. trigger trigger mode: internal, external (external trigger input connector), bus (gpib/lan/usb), manual (front key) averaging types: sweep-to-sweep averaging, point averaging setting range: sweep-to-sweep averaging: 1 to 999 (integer) point averaging: 1 to 999 (integer) display lcd display : type/size: 10.4 inch tft color lcd resolution: xga (1024 x 768) 1 number of traces: data trace: 4 data traces per channel (maximum) memory trace: 4 memory traces per channel (maximum) trace data math: data + memory, data - memory, data x memory, data/ memory, offset, equation editor format: for scalar parameters: linear y-axis, log y-axis for complex parameters: z, y, [ r , r : polar, complex; g : polar, complex, smith, admittance 1. valid pixels are 99.99% and more. below 0.01% of fxed points of black, green, or red are not regarded as failure.
11 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet measurement support functions (continued) other display functions: each measurement channel has a display window with independent stimulus. up to 4 display windows (channels) can be displayed. marker number of markers: 10 independent markers per trace. reference marker available for delta marker operation marker search: search type: max value, min value, multi-peak, multi-target, peak, peak left, peak right, target, target left, target right, and width parameters with userdefned bandwidth values search track: performs search by each sweep search range: user defnable other functions: marker continuous mode, marker mode, marker coupled mode, marker value substi- tution (marker & ), marker zooming, marker list, marker statistics, and marker signal/dc bias monitor equivalent circuit analysis circuit models: 3-component model (4 models), 4-component model (3 models) analysis types: equivalent circuit parameters calculation, frequency characteristics simulation limit line test deine the test limit lines that appear on the display for deine the test limit lines that appear on the display for pass/fail testing. deined limits may be any combination of horizontal/sloping lines and discrete data points. testing. deined limits may be any combination of horizontal/sloping lines and discrete data points. interface gpib 24-pin d-sub (type d-24), female; compatible with ieee-488. ieee-488 interface specifcation is designed to be used in environment where electrical noise is relatively low. lan or usbtmc interface is recommended to use at the higher electrical noise environment. lan interface 10/100/1000 base t ethernet, 8-pin confguration; auto selects between the two data rates 1. refer to the standard for the meaning of each function code.
12 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet interface (continued) usb host port universal serial bus jack, type a confguration; female; provides connection to mouse, keyboard, printer or usb stick memory. usb (usbtmc ) interface port universal serial bus jack, type b confguration (4 contacts inline); female; provides connection to an external pc; compatible with usbtmc-usb488 and usb 2.0.la usb test and measurement class (tmc) interface that communicates over usb, complying with the ieee 488.1 and ieee 488.2 standards. handler interface 36-pin centronics, female measurement terminal (at test head) connector type: 7-mm connector rear panel connectors external reference signal input connector frequency: 10 mhz 10 ppm (typical) level: 0 dbm 3 db (typical) input impedance: 50 ? (nominal) connector type: bnc, female internal reference signal output connector frequency: 10 mhz 10 ppm (typical) level: 0 dbm 3 db into 50 ? (typical) output impedance: 50 ? (nominal) connector type: bnc, female high stability frequency reference output connector (option E4991B-1e5) frequency: 10mhz 1ppm level: 0 dbm minimum output impedance: 50 ? (nominal) connector type: bnc, female external trigger input connector level: low threshold voltage: 0.5 v high threshold voltage: 2.1 v input level range: 0 v to +5 v
13 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet rear panel connectors (continued) pulse width (tp): 2 sec (typical). see figure 6 for defnition of tp. polarity: positive or negative (selective) connector type: bnc, female general characteristics environment conditions operating condition temperature: 5 c to 40 c humidity: 20% to 80% at wet bulb temperature < +29 c (non-condensation)) flexible disk drive non-operating condition: 15% to 90% rh flexible disk drive operating condition: 20% to 80% rh altitude: 0 m to 2,000 m (0 feet to 6,561 feet) vibration: 0.21 grms maximum, 5 hz to 500 hz warm-up time: 30 minutes non-operating storage condition temperature: C10 c to +60 c humidity: 20% to 90% at wet bulb temperature < +40 c (non-condensation) altitude: 0 m to 4,572 m (0 feet to 15,000 feet) vibration: 2.1 grms maximum, 5 hz to 500 hz figure 6. defnition of pulse width (tp) p ostive trigger signal tp tp 5v ov 5v ov negative trigger signal tp tp
14 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet general characteristics (continued) emc, safety, environment and compliance description general characteristics emc european council directive 2004/108/ec iec 61326-1:2012 en 61326-1:2013 cispr 11:2009 +a1:2010 en 55011: 2009 +a1:2010 group 1, class a iec 61000-4-2:2008 en 61000-4-2:2009 4 kv cd / 8 kv ad iec 61000-4-3:2006 +a1:2007 +a2:2010 en 61000-4-3:2006 +a1:2008 +a2:2010 3 v/m, 80-1000 mhz, 1.4 - 2.0 ghz / 1v/m, 2.0 - 2.7 ghz, 80% am iec 61000-4-4:2004 +a1:2010 en 61000-4-4:2004 +a1:2010 1 kv power lines / 0.5 kv signal lines iec 61000-4-5:2005 en 61000-4-5:2006 0.5 kv line-line / 1 kv line-ground iec 61000-4-6:2008 en 61000-4-6:2009 3 v, 0.15-80 mhz, 80% am iec 61000-4-8:2009 en 61000-4-8:2010 30a/m, 50/60hz iec 61000-4-11:2004 en 61000-4-11:2004 0.5-300 cycle, 0% / 70% note-1: when tested at 3 v/m according to en61000-4-3, the measurement accuracy will be within specifcations over the full immunity test frequency range except when the analyzer frequency is identical to the transmitted interference signal test frequency. note-2: when tested at 3 v according to en61000-4-6, the measurement accuracy will be within specifcations over the full immunity test frequency range except when the analyzer frequency is identical to the transmitted interference signal test frequency. ices-001:2006 group 1, class a as/nzs cispr11:2004 group 1, class a kn11, kn61000-6-1 and kn61000-6-2 group 1, class a safety european council directive 2006/95/ec iec 61010-1:2010 / en 61010-1:2010 measurement category i pollution degree 2 indoor use
15 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet general characteristics (continued) emc, safety, environment and compliance (continued) can/csa c22.2 no. 61010-1-12 measurement category i pollution degree 2 indoor use environment this product complies with the weee directive (2002/96/ec) marking requirements. the affxed label indicates that you must not discard this electrical/electronic product in domestic household waste. to return unwanted products, contact your local keysight ofce, or see (http://www.keysight. com/environment/product/) for more information. product category: with reference to the equipment types in the weee directive annex i, this product is classed as a monitoring and control instrumentation product. do not dispose in domestic household waste. compliance class c power requirements 90v to 264v ac (vpeak > 120v), 47 hz to 63 hz, 300 va maximum weight main unit: 13 kg test head: 1 kg dimensions main unit: see figure 7 through figure 9 test head: see figure 10 option 007 test head dimensions: see figure 11 option 010 test head dimensions: see figure 12 figure 7. main unit dimensions (front view, in millimeters)
16 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet general characteristics (continued) figure 8. main unit dimensions (rear view, in millimeters) figure 9. main unit dimensions (side view, in millimeters)
17 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet general characteristics (continued) 59 41 20 35 E4991B te st head dut po rt only for e4991 b avoid static discharge 42v pe ak max output rf out port 1 port 2 167 139 103 56 160 42 59 figure 10. test head dimensions (in millimeters) figure 11. option E4991B-007 test head dimensions (in millimeters) e4991-61010 124 116 97 E4991B E4991B temperature characteristic test kit temperature characteristic test kit opt 007 opt 007 avoid static discharge 42v p eak max output ca t-i 152 41 152 503
18 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet general characteristics (continued) figure 12. option E4991B-010 test head dimensions (in millimeters) 114 112 33 63 23 56 52 38 40 6 dut po rt avoid static discharge 42v pe ak max output E4991B opt 010 te st head only for E4991B rf outp ort 1p ort 2 72 19 124 20
19 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet option E4991B-002 material measurement (typical) measurement parameter permittivity parameters: | [ r |, [ r , [ r , tan d permeability parameters: | r |, r , r , tan d frequency range using with keysight technologies, inc. 16453a: 1 mhz to 1 ghz (typical) using with keysight 16454a: 1 mhz to 1 ghz (typical) measurement accuracy conditions for defning accuracy: calibration: open, short, and load calibration at the fxture (7-mm connector) calibration temperature: calibration is performed at an environmental temperature within the range of 23 c 5 c. measurement accuracy doubles when calibration temperature is 5 c to 18 c or 28 c to 40 c. temperature: temperature deviation: within 5 c from the calibration temperature environment temperature: measurement accuracy applies when the calibration is performed at 23 c 5 c. when the calibration is below 18 c or above 28 c, measurement error doubles. measurement frequency points: same as calibration points 1 point averaging factor: 8 electrode pressure setting of 16453a: maximum typical accuracy of permittivity parameters: [ r accuracy (at tan d < 0.1) loss tangent accuracy of [ r (= ? tan d ): ( e a + e b ) (at tan d < 0.1) where, e a = at frequency 1 ghz: = [ ' r m : [ ' r m 5 + 10 + 0.1 t + 0.25 [ ' r m + 100 [%] f [ ' r m t 1C 13 2 f [ ' r m 0.002 + 0.001 ? t + 0.004 f + 0.1 f [ ' r m ? 1C 13 2 f [ ' r m 1. in fxed frequency calibration mode, if a measurement frequency point is not included in the calibration points, the accuracy at the measurement point is degraded to its doubled value (typical).
20 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet option E4991B-002 material measurement (typical) (continued) e b = f = measurement frequency [ghz] t = thickness of mut (material under test) [mm] [ r m = measured value of [ r tan d = measured value of dielectric loss tangent typical accuracy of permeability parameters: r accuracy (at tan d < 0.1) loss tangent accuracy of r (= tan d ): ( e a + e b ) (at tan d < 0.1) where, e a = e b = f = measurement frequency [ghz] f = h = height of mut (material under test) [mm] b = inner diameter of mut (material under test) [mm] c = outer diameter of mut (material under test) [mm] ? r m = measured value of ? r tan d = measured value of loss tangent [ ' r m ? 1 + [ ' r m 0.002 tan d [ ' rm 100 t = ' r m : ' r m 0.02 25 + f ' r m 1 + 15 2 f 2 [%] f f m r m f ' r m ? 0.002 + 0.001 + 0.004 f f ' r m f r m ' ? tan d ' r m 100 h ln c [mm] b
21 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet option E4991B-002 material measurement (typical) (continued) examples of calculated permittivity measurement accuracy figure 15. permittivity accuracy ( [ r ) vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical) [ r figure 14. permittivity accuracy ( [ r ) vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical) [ r figure 13. permittivity accuracy ( [ ' r ) vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical) [ ' r
22 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet option E4991B-002 material measurement (typical) (continued) figure 16. dielectric loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical) 1 figure 17. dielectric loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical) 1 figure 18. dielectric loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical) 1 1. this graph shows only frequency dependence of e a to simplify it. the typical accuracy of tan d is defned as e a + e b ; refer to typical accuracy of permittivity parameters on page 15. figure 18. permittivity (' r ) vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical) figure 19. permittivity ( [ ' r ) vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical) figure 20. permittivity ( [ r ) vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical) figure 21. permittivity ( [ r ) vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical)
23 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet option E4991B-002 material measurement (typical) (continued) examples of calculated permeability measurement accuracy figure 22. permeability accuracy ( ' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 0.5 mm, typical) ' r figure 23. permeability accuracy ( ? r ) vs. frequency (at f = 3 mm, typical) ? r figure 24. permeability accuracy ( ' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 10 mm, typical) ' r
24 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet figure 25. permeability loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at f = 0.5 mm, typical) 1 figure 26. permeability loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at f = 3 mm, typical) 1 figure 27. permeability loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at f = 10 mm, typical) 1 figure 28. permeability (' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 0.5 mm, typical) figure 29. permeability (' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 3 mm, typical) figure 30. permeability (' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 10 mm, typical) 1. this graph shows only frequency dependence of e a to simplify it. the typical accuracy of tan is defned as e a + e b ; refer to typical accuracy of permeability parameters on page 16. option E4991B-002 material measurement (typical) (continued)
25 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet option E4991B-007 temperature characteristic test kit this section contains specifcations and supplemental information for the E4991B option E4991B-007. except for the contents in this section, the E4991B standard specifcations and supplemental information are applied. operation temperature range: C55 c to +150 c (at the test port of the high temperature cable) +5 c to +40 c (main unit, test head, and their connection cable) source characteristics frequency range: 1 mhz to 3 ghz (option 300) 1 mhz to 1 ghz (option 100) 1 mhz to 500 mhz (option 050) oscillator level source power accuracy at the test port of the high temperature cable: frequency 1 ghz: minimum: C4 db, maximum: +2 db (23c 5c) minimum: C6 db, maximum: +4 db (5 c to 40 c) frequency > 1 ghz: minimum: C5 db, maximum: +3 db (23c 5c) minimum: C7 db, maximum: +5 db (5 c to 40 c) measurement accuracy (at 23 c 5 c) conditions 1 the measurement accuracy is specifed when the following conditions are met: calibration: open, short and load calibration is completed at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable calibration temperature: calibration is performed at an environmental temperature within the range of 23 c 5 c. measurement accuracy doubles when calibration temperature is +5 c to +18 c or +28 c to +40 c. measurement temperature range: within 5 c of calibration temperature measurement plane: same as calibration plane impedance, admittance and phase angle accuracy: |z|, |y| ( e a + e b ) [%] (see figure 31 through figure 34 for calculated accuracy) q ( e a + e b ) [rad] 100 1. the high temperature cable must be kept at the same position throughout calibration and measurement.
26 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet option E4991B-007 temperature characteristic test kit (continued) where, e a = at C23 dbm oscillator level 1 dbm: 0.70 [%] (1 mhz ? 100 mhz) 0.80 [%] (100 mhz < ? 500 mhz) 1.10 [%] (500 mhz < ? 1 ghz) 2.10 [%] (1 ghz < ? 1.8 ghz) 4.10 [%] (1.8 ghz < ? 3 ghz) at C33 dbm oscillator level < C23 dbm: 0.75 [%] (1 mhz ? 100 mhz) 0.85 [%] (100 mhz < ? 500 mhz) 1.15 [%] (500 mhz < ? 1 ghz) 2.15 [%] (1 ghz < ? 1.8 ghz) 4.15 [%] (1.8 ghz < ? 3 ghz) at C40 dbm oscillator level < C33 dbm: 0.90 [%] (1 mhz ? 100 mhz) 1.00 [%] (100 mhz < ? 500 mhz) 1.30 [%] (500 mhz < ? 1 ghz) 2.30 [%] (1 ghz < ? 1.8 ghz) 4.30 [%] (1.8 ghz < ? 3 ghz) (where, ? is frequency) e b = z s + y o | z x | 100 [%] | z x | where, | z x |= absolute value of impedance z s = at oscillator level = C3 dbm, or C13 dbm: (23 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 8) (24 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 7) at oscillator level = C23 dbm: (24 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 8) (28 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 7) at C23 dbm < oscillator level 1 dbm: (29 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 8) (36 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 7) at C33 dbm oscillator level < C23 dbm: (35 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 8) (70 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 7) at C40 dbm oscillator level < C33dbm: (50 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 8) (150 + 0.5 f) [m ? ] (point averaging factor 7 (where, f is frequency in mhz) y o = at C17 dbm oscillator level 1 dbm: (8 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 8) (10 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 7)
27 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet option E4991B-007 temperature characteristic test kit (continued) at C23 dbm oscillator level < C17 dbm: (10 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 8) (14 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 7) at C33 dbm oscillator level < C23 dbm: (15 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 8) (40 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 7) at C40 dbm oscillator level < C33 dbm: (35 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 8) (80 + 0.1 f) [s] (averaging factor 7) (where, f is frequency in mhz) calculated impedance/admittance measurement accuracy figure 31. |z|, |y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. oscillator level = C13 dbm, C3 dbm. point averaging factor 8 within 5 c of calibration temperature. figure 33. |z|, |y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. oscillator level = C33 dbm. point averaging factor 8 within 5 c of calibration temperature. figure 32. |z|, |y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. oscillator level C13 dbm, C3 dbm. point averaging factor 7 within 5 c of calibration temperature. figure 34. |z|, |y| measurement accuracy when open/short/load calibration is performed. oscillator level = C33 dbm. point averaging factor 7 within 5 c of calibration temperature.
28 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet typical effects of temperature change on measure - ment accuracy when the temperature at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable changes from the calibration temperature, typical measurement accuracy involving temperature dependence effects (errors) is applied. the typical measurement accuracy is represented by the sum of error due to temperature coeffcients ( e a , y o and z s ), hysteresis error ( e ah , y oh and z sh ) and the specifed accuracy. conditions temperature compensation: temperature compensation data is acquired at the same temperature points as measurement temperatures. typical measurement accuracy (involving temperature dependence effects) 1 : |z|, |y|: ( e a + e b + e c + e d ) [%] q : ( e a + e b + e c + e d ) [rad] 100 where, ea, eb = refer pages 25 and 26. e c = e a t + e ah [%] e d = z s t + z sh + ( y o t + y oh ) | z x | 100 [%] | z x | where, | z x | = absolute value of measured impedance here, e a , z s and y o are given by the following equations: figure 35. typical frequency characteristics of temperature coeffcient, (ec+ed)/ t, when |zx|= 10 ? and 250 ? 2 . without temperature compensation with temperature compensation 1 mhz ? < 500 mhz 500 mhz ? 3 ghz e a 0.006 + 0.015 ? [%/c] 0.006 + 0.015 ? [%/c] 0.006 + 0.015 ? [%/c] z s 1 + 10 ? [m?/c] 1 + 10 ? [m?/c] 5 + 2 ? [m?/c] y o 0.3 + 3 ? [s/c] 0.3 + 3 ? [s/c] 1.5 + 0.6 ? [s/c] 1. see graphs in figure 35 for the calculated values of (ec+ed) exclusive of the hysteresis errors e ah , z sh and y oh , when measured impedance is 10 ? and 250 ?. 2. read the value of |z|%/c at the material measurement frequency and multiply it by t to derive the value of (ec+ed).
29 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet typical effects of temperature change on measure - ment accuracy (continued) ? = measurement frequency in ghz e ah , z sh and y oh are given by following equations: e ah = e a t max 0.3 [%] z sh = z s t max 0.3 [m?] y oh = y o t max 0.3 [s] ?t = difference of measurement temperature - from calibration temperature use t = 0 c if temperature compensation is set to off and the difference 5 c. use t = 0 c if temperature compensation is set to on and the difference 20 c. t max = maximum temperature change (c) at the test port from calibration temperature after the calibration is performed. use tmax = 0 c if maximum temperature change 10 c. typical material measurement accuracy when using options 002 and 007 material measurement accuracy contains the permittivity and permeability measurement accuracy when the E4991B with option 002 and 007 is used with the 16453a or 16454a test fxture. measurement parameter permittivity parameters: | [ r |, [ r , [ r , tan d permeability parameters: | r |, ? r , ? r , tan d frequency use with keysight 16453a: 1 mhz to 1 ghz (typical) use with keysight 16454a: 1 mhz to 1 ghz (typical) operation temperature range: C55 c to +150 c (at the test port of the high temperature cable) +5 c to +40 c (main unit, test head, and their connection cable) typical material measurement accuracy (-55 c to 150 c) conditions the measurement accuracy is specifed when the following conditions are met: calibration: open, short and load calibration is completed at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable. user frequency mode 1 1. in fxed frequency calibration mode, if a measurement frequency point is not included in the calibration points, the accuracy at the measurement point is degraded to its doubled value (typical).
30 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet typical material measurement accuracy when using options 002 and 007 (continued) calibration temperature: calibration is performed at an environmental temperature within the range of 23 c 5 c. measurement accuracy doubles when calibration temperature is 5 c to 18 c or 28 c to 40 c. measurement temperature range of main unit, test head, and their connecting cable. within 5 c of calibration temperature oscillator level: same as the level set at calibration point averaging factor: 8 typical permittivity measurement accuracy 2 : [ r accuracy e [ = [ r m : [ r m 5 + 10 + 0.5 t + 0.25 [ r m + 100 f [ r m t 1C 13 2 f [ r m [%] (at tan d < 0.1) loss tangent accuracy of [ r (= tan d ) : ( e a + e b ) (at tan d < 0.1) where, e a = at frequency 1 ghz 0.002 + 0.0025 t + (0.008 f ) + 0.1 f [ r m 1C 13 2 f [ r m e b = [ r m 1 + [ r m 0.002 tan d [ r m 100 t f = measurement frequency [ghz] t = thickness of mut (material under test) [mm] [ r m = measured value of [ r tan d = measured value of dielectric loss tangent 2. the accuracy applies when the electrode pressure of the 16453a is set to maximum.
31 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet typical material measurement accuracy when using options 002 and 007 (continued) typical permeability measurement accuracy: r accuracy e = ? r m : ? r m 4 + 0.02 25 + f ? r m 1 + 15 2 f 2 f f ? r m f ? r m [%] (at tan d < 0.1) loss tangent accuracy of r (= tan d ) : ( e a + e b ) (at tan d < 0.1) where, e a = 0.002 + 0.005 + 0.004 f f ? r m f e b = ? r m tan d ? r m 100 f = measurement frequency [ghz] f = h ln c [mm] b h = height of mut (material under test) [mm] b = inner diameter of mut [mm] c = outer diameter of mut [mm] ? r m = measured value of r tan d = measured value of loss tangent
32 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet examples of calculated permittivity measurement accuracy 1. the typical accuracy of tan is defned as e a + e b ; refer to typical permittivity measurement accuracy on page 28. figure 40. dielectric loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical) 1 figure 36. permittivity accuracy ( [ ' r ) vs. frequency, (at t = 0.3 mm typical) [ ' r figure 41. dielectric loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical) 1 figure 37. permittivity accuracy ( [ ' r ) vs. frequency, (at t = 1 mm typical) [ ' r figure 38. permittivity accuracy ( [ ' r ) vs. frequency, (at t = 3 mm typical) [ ' r figure 39. dielectric loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical) 1
33 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet examples of calculated permittivity measurement accuracy (continued) figure 42. permittivity ( [ ' r ) vs. frequency (at t = 0.3 mm, typical) figure 43. permittivity ( [ ' r ) vs. frequency (at t = 1 mm, typical) figure 44. permittivity ( [ ' r ) vs. frequency (at t = 3 mm, typical)
34 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet figure 45. permeability accuracy ( ' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 0.5 mm, typical) ' r examples of calculated permittivity measurement accuracy (continued) figure 49. permeability loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at f = 3 mm, typical) 1 figure 48. permeability loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at f = 0.5 mm, typical) 1 figure 50. permeability loss tangent (tan d ) accuracy vs. frequency (at f = 10 mm, typical) 1 1. this graph shows only frequency dependence of ea for simplifcation. the typical accuracy of tan d is defned as e a + e b ; refer to typical permeability measurement accuracy on page 28. figure 46. permeability accuracy ( ' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 3 mm, typical) ' r figure 47. permeability accuracy ( ' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 10 mm, typical) ' r
35 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet examples of calculated permeability measurement accuracy (continued) figure 52. permeability (' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 3 mm, typical) figure 51. permeability (' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 0.5 mm, typical) figure 53. permeability (' r ) vs. frequency (at f = 10 mm, typical)
36 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet when the temperature at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable changes more than 5 c from the calibration temperature, the typical permittivity measurement accuracy involving temperature dependence effects (errors) is applied. the typical permittivity accuracy is represented by the sum of error due to temperature coeffcient ( t c ), hysteresis error ( t c t max ) and the accuracy at 23 c 5 c. typical accuracy of permittivity parameters: [ r accuracy = [ r m : [ r m ( e [ + e f + e g ) [%] loss tangent accuracy of [ (= tan d ) : ( e [ + e f + e g ) 100 where, e [ = permittivity measurement accuracy at 23 c 5 c e f = t c t 100 e g = t c t max 0.3 100 t c [c -1 ] = k 1 + k 2 + k 3 see figure 54 through figure 56 for the calculated value of t c without temperature compensation k 1 [c -1 ] = 1 10 -6 (60 + 150 ?) k 2 [c -1 ] = 3 10 -6 (1 + 10 ?) [ r m 1 +10 ? t f 2 1C f o k 3 [c -1 ] = 1 5 10 -3 (0.3 + 3 ?) [ r m 1 +10 ? t f 2 1C f o typical effects of temperature change on permittivity measurement accuracy
37 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet typical accuracy of permittivity parameters (continued): with temperature compensation k 1 = 1 10 -6 (60 + 150 ?) k 2 = at 1 mhz f < 500 mhz [ r 3 10 -6 (1 + 10 ?) m 1 +10 ? t f 2 1 C f o at 500 mhz ? 1 ghz 3 10 -6 (5 + 2 ?) [ r m 1 +10 ? t f 2 1 C f o k 3 = at 1 mhz ? < 500 mhz 1 5 10 -3 (0.3 + 3 ?) [ r m 1 +10 ? t f 2 1 C f o at 500 mhz ? 1 ghz 1 5 10 -3 (1.5 + 0.6 ?) [ r m 1 +10 ? t f 2 1 C f o ? = measurement frequency [ghz] ? o = 13 [ghz] [ r'm t = thickness of mut (material under test) [mm] [ r m = measured value of [ r t = difference of measurement temperature from calibration temperature use t = 0 c if temperature compensation is set to off and the difference 5 c. use t = 0 c if temperature compensation is set to on and the difference 20 c. t max = maximum temperature change (c) at test port from calibration temperature after the calibration is performed. use tmax = 0 c if maximum temperature change 10 c. typical effects of temperature change on permittivity measurement accuracy (continued)
38 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet figure 55. typical frequency characteristics of temperature coeffcient of [ r (thickness = 1 mm) figure 54. typical frequency characteristics of temperature coeffcient of [ r (thickness = 0.3 mm) figure 56. typical frequency characteristics of temperature coeffcient of [ r (thickness = 3 mm) typical effects of temperature change on permittivity measurement accuracy (continued)
39 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet when the temperature at the test port (7-mm connector) of the high temperature cable changes more than 5 c from the calibration temperature, the typical permeability mea - surement accuracy involving temperature dependence effects (errors) is applied. the typical permeability accuracy is represented by the sum of error due to temperature coef - ficient ( t c ), hysteresis error ( t c t max ) and the accuracy at 23 c 5 c. typical accuracy of permeability parameters: r accuracy = ? r m : r m ( e + e h + e i ) [%] loss tangent accuracy of r (= tan d ) : ( e + e h + e i ) 100 where, e = permeability measurement accuracy at 23 c 5 c e h = t c t 100 e i = t c t max 0.3 100 t c [c -1 ] = k 4 + k 5 + k 6 see figure 57 through figure 59 for the calculated value of t c without temperature compensation k 4 [c -1 ] = 1 10 -6 (60 + 150 ?) k 5 [c -1 ] = 1 10 -2 (1 + 10 ?) |1 C 0.01 { f ( r m C 1) + 10} ? 2 | { f (? r m C1) + 20} ? k 6 [c -1 ] = 2 10 -6 (0.3 + 3 ?) { f ( r m C 1) + 20} ? |1 C 0.01 { f ( r m C1) + 10} ? 2 | with temperature compensation k 4 = 1 10 -6 (60 + 150 ?) k 5 = at 1 mhz ? < 500 mhz 1 10 -2 (1 + 10 ?) |1 C 0.01 { f ( r m C 1) +10} ? 2 | { f ( r m C 1) + 20} ? at 500 mhz ? 1 ghz 1 10 -2 (5 + 2 ?) |1 C 0.01 { f (? r m C 1) +10} ? 2 | { f (? r m C 1) + 20} ? . typical effects of temperature change on permeability measurement accuracy
40 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet typical effects of temperature change on permeability measurement accuracy (continued) k 6 = at 1 mhz ? < 500 mhz 2 10 -6 (0.3 + 3 ?) { f ( r m C 1) + 20} ? |1 C 0.01 { f (? r m C 1) +10} ? 2 | at 500 mhz ? 1 ghz 2 10 -6 (1.5 + 0.6 ?) { f (? r m C1) + 20} ? |1 C 0.01 { f ( r m C1) +10} ? 2 | ? = measurement frequency [ghz] f = h ln c [mm] b h = height of mut (material under test) [mm] b = inner diameter of mut [mm] c = outer diameter of mut [mm] ? = measured value of r t = difference of measurement temperature from calibration temperature use t = 0 c if temperature compensation is set to off and the difference 5 c. use t = 0 c if temperature compensation is set to on and the difference 20 c. t max = maximum temperature change (c) at test port from calibration temperature after the calibration is performed. use tmax = 0 c if maximum temperature change 10 c. typical accuracy of permeability parameters (continued):
41 | keysight | E4991B impedance analyzer - data sheet figure 56. typical frequency characteristics of temperature coeffcient of ' r (at f = 3 mm) figure 57. typical frequency characteristics of temperature coeffcient of ' r (at f = 0.5 mm) figure 59. typical frequency characteristics of temperature coeffcient of ' r (at f = 10 mm) typical effects of temperature change on permeability measurement accuracy (continued)
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